1. List, describe, and provide an example of each of the five characteristics of high quality information.
• Accuracy – are all the values correct? For example, is the name spelled correctly? Is the dollar amount recorded properly?
• Completeness – are any of the values missing? For example, is the address complete including street, city, state and postcode?
• Consistency – is aggregate or summary information in agreement with detailed information? For example, do all total fields equal the true total of the individual field?
• Uniqueness – is each transaction, entity and event represented only once in the information? For example, are there any duplicate customers?
• Timeliness – is the information current with respect to the business requirements? For example, is information uploaded weekly, daily, or hourly?
2. Define the relationship between a database and a database management system.
Database Management System (DBMS) – is a system that is used to access information from a DBMS. It is software through which users and application programs interact with a database. The user sends requests to DBMS and the DBMS performs the actual manipulation of the information in the database. Microsoft Access is a form of DBMS.
Database - A database is the heart of an organisation, it stores key business information like;
Sales Data – customers, sales, contacts
Inventory Data – orders, stock, delivery
Student Data – names, addresses, grades
All businesses use a database of some type. Effective managers know the value of extracting of important data.
3. Describe the advantages an organisation can gain by using a database.
• Increased flexibility – database tend to mirror business structures, and a good database can handle changes quickly and easily, just as any good business needs to be able to handle changes quickly and easily. Databases provide flexibility in allowing each user to access the information in whatever way best suits his or her needs
• Increased scalability and performance – Scalability refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands. Performance measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction. Some organisations must be able to support hundreds of online users including employees, partners, customers and suppliers, who all want to access and share information.
• Reduced information redundancy – is the duplication of information, storing the same information in the multiple places. Redundant information occurs because organisations frequently capture and store the same information in multiple locations.
• Increased information quality – measures the quality of information. Within a database environment, integrity constraints are rules that help ensure the quality of information.
• Increased information security – like any assets the organisation must protect its information from unauthorised users or misuse. As systems become increasing complex and more available over the internet, the security becomes even bigger issue.
4. Define the fundamental concepts of the relational database model.
A relational database is a collection of tables from which data can be accessed in many different ways without having to reorganize the database tables. It stores the information in a form of data in row and column.
That is, once relationships are created, tables can “talk” to each other. We can link (relate) the tables to find:
• Which doctors are seeing a patient
• Which students are in which class
• Which item is selling the most on Friday’s
5. Describe the benefits of a data-driven website.
Development – allows the website owner to make changes any time – all without having to rely on a developer. A well data driven website enables updating with little or nothing training.
Content management – a static website requires a programmer to make updates. This adds an unnecessary layer between the business and its web content, which can lead to misunderstanding and slow turnarounds for desired changes.
Future expandability – having a data driven website enables the site to grow faster than would be possible with a static site.
Minimising human error – this will lead to bugs and inconsistencies that can be time consuming and expensive to track down and fix.
Cutting production and update – a data driven website can be updated and publisher by any competent data entry or administrative person.
More efficient – computers are excellent at keeping volumes of information intact. With a data driven solution, the system keeps track of the templates, so users do not have to.
Improved stability – any programmer who has to update a website from ‘static’ templates must be much organised to keep track of all the source files.
6. Describe the roles and purposes of data warehouses and data marts in an organization
Data warehouse - a logical collection of information – gathered from many different operational databases – that supports business analysis activities and decision making task. The primary purpose of data warehouse is to aggregate information throughout an organization unto a single repository in such a way that employees can make decisions and undertake business analysis activities.
Data marts - In a data warehouse and data mart, information is multi-dimensional; a cube, it contains layers of columns and rows. Dimension – a particular attribute of information.
• Accuracy – are all the values correct? For example, is the name spelled correctly? Is the dollar amount recorded properly?
• Completeness – are any of the values missing? For example, is the address complete including street, city, state and postcode?
• Consistency – is aggregate or summary information in agreement with detailed information? For example, do all total fields equal the true total of the individual field?
• Uniqueness – is each transaction, entity and event represented only once in the information? For example, are there any duplicate customers?
• Timeliness – is the information current with respect to the business requirements? For example, is information uploaded weekly, daily, or hourly?
2. Define the relationship between a database and a database management system.
Database Management System (DBMS) – is a system that is used to access information from a DBMS. It is software through which users and application programs interact with a database. The user sends requests to DBMS and the DBMS performs the actual manipulation of the information in the database. Microsoft Access is a form of DBMS.
Database - A database is the heart of an organisation, it stores key business information like;
Sales Data – customers, sales, contacts
Inventory Data – orders, stock, delivery
Student Data – names, addresses, grades
All businesses use a database of some type. Effective managers know the value of extracting of important data.
3. Describe the advantages an organisation can gain by using a database.
• Increased flexibility – database tend to mirror business structures, and a good database can handle changes quickly and easily, just as any good business needs to be able to handle changes quickly and easily. Databases provide flexibility in allowing each user to access the information in whatever way best suits his or her needs
• Increased scalability and performance – Scalability refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands. Performance measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction. Some organisations must be able to support hundreds of online users including employees, partners, customers and suppliers, who all want to access and share information.
• Reduced information redundancy – is the duplication of information, storing the same information in the multiple places. Redundant information occurs because organisations frequently capture and store the same information in multiple locations.
• Increased information quality – measures the quality of information. Within a database environment, integrity constraints are rules that help ensure the quality of information.
• Increased information security – like any assets the organisation must protect its information from unauthorised users or misuse. As systems become increasing complex and more available over the internet, the security becomes even bigger issue.
4. Define the fundamental concepts of the relational database model.
A relational database is a collection of tables from which data can be accessed in many different ways without having to reorganize the database tables. It stores the information in a form of data in row and column.
That is, once relationships are created, tables can “talk” to each other. We can link (relate) the tables to find:
• Which doctors are seeing a patient
• Which students are in which class
• Which item is selling the most on Friday’s
5. Describe the benefits of a data-driven website.
Development – allows the website owner to make changes any time – all without having to rely on a developer. A well data driven website enables updating with little or nothing training.
Content management – a static website requires a programmer to make updates. This adds an unnecessary layer between the business and its web content, which can lead to misunderstanding and slow turnarounds for desired changes.
Future expandability – having a data driven website enables the site to grow faster than would be possible with a static site.
Minimising human error – this will lead to bugs and inconsistencies that can be time consuming and expensive to track down and fix.
Cutting production and update – a data driven website can be updated and publisher by any competent data entry or administrative person.
More efficient – computers are excellent at keeping volumes of information intact. With a data driven solution, the system keeps track of the templates, so users do not have to.
Improved stability – any programmer who has to update a website from ‘static’ templates must be much organised to keep track of all the source files.
6. Describe the roles and purposes of data warehouses and data marts in an organization
Data warehouse - a logical collection of information – gathered from many different operational databases – that supports business analysis activities and decision making task. The primary purpose of data warehouse is to aggregate information throughout an organization unto a single repository in such a way that employees can make decisions and undertake business analysis activities.
Data marts - In a data warehouse and data mart, information is multi-dimensional; a cube, it contains layers of columns and rows. Dimension – a particular attribute of information.
Related Videos to Databases and Warehouses could be Viewed at
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